The Challenge At Galois, we verify and assure complex critical systems. Autonomous vehicles are prime examples of complex systems which operate in uncertain and unstructured environments. Autonomous driving decisions use Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) which are data-driven and can react in unsafe ways when faced with out-of-distribution driving scenarios. Rigorously assuring the safety of these systems […]
Cryptography continues to rapidly transform our world. It seems like every day there’s a new story about fully homomorphic encryption, blockchains, and how these technologies secure billions and even trillions of dollars in assets. We’ve talked about cryptographic algorithms and twice about cryptographic assurance. People who work with these concepts every day have been the […]
Prior to spinning out of Galois, engineers from Niobium Microsystems completed work on the 21st Century Cryptography DARPA project. This project developed a proof-of-concept ASIC containing high-performance, low-energy, side-channel resistant implementations of AES-256 cryptographic primitives. These implementations were developed in correct-by-construction fashion, by directly translating formal models of the cryptographic constructs into a hardware implementation […]
2021. Wow. There it went. And far more interesting than most of us anticipated. While weathering the various world storms, we also managed to keep advancing the cause of building trustworthy computing systems. Galois continued pioneering work in formal methods, high-assurance cryptography, machine learning, data science, rigorous digital engineering, and more. From our virtual perch, […]
Distributed protocols enable components such as blockchain validator nodes, cloud servers, or IoT devices to coordinate and cooperate toward a common goal. However, in such a diverse environment, a lot of things can go wrong: hardware can fail, software can be buggy, network links can be unreliable, attackers may compromise components, and so on. Due […]
2020 was certainly an interesting year. Amidst a global pandemic and major societal issues, keeping software and hardware systems trustworthy continued to be challenging. From election systems to ransomware to privacy breaches and online banking theft, the challenges of trustworthy software are alive and well. In this arena, Galois and our partners advanced the state […]
The Software Analysis Workbench (SAW) is one of Galois’s flagship verification tools. SAW has been used to verify important, real-world cryptographic algorithms, such as AES block cipher, the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), and Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). We have used this to verify existing, widely used libraries such as libgcrypt and Bouncy Castle. […]
Since the onset of working remotely, we’ve built a program at Galois called Coffeebot to help facilitate virtual “coffee chats” in support of maintaining our culture through spontaneous exchanges. Today we’re releasing Coffeebot, and we’re happy to share it along with simple instructions on how to set-up your own! Percolating the idea As a result […]
Machine learning has revolutionized cyber-physical systems (CPS) in multiple industries – in the air, on land, and in the deep sea. And yet, verifying and assuring the safety of advanced machine learning is difficult because of the following reasons: State-Space Explosion: Autonomous systems are characteristically adaptive, intelligent, and/or may incorporate learning capabilities. Unpredictable Environments: The […]
In 2019, Galois and its spinout Tangram Flex were awarded a $5 million contract for the DARPA I2O Cyber Assured Systems Engineering (CASE) program. We wanted to present an update for the project’s progress. Introducing Cyber-Assured Plugins to embedded computer systems “The problem is not in our stars … but in ourselves,” is a paraphrase […]
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